#At the front free#
Women in uniform took office and clerical jobs in the armed forces in order to free men to fight. “The contribution of the women of America, whether on the farm or in the factory or in uniform, to D-Day was a sine qua non of the invasion effort.” (Ambrose, D-Day, 489) General Eisenhower felt that he could not win the war without the aid of the women in uniform. Nearly 350,000 American women served in uniform, both at home and abroad, volunteering for the newly formed Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs, later renamed the Women’s Army Corps), the Navy Women’s Reserve (WAVES), the Marine Corps Women’s Reserve, the Coast Guard Women’s Reserve (SPARS), the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPS), the Army Nurses Corps, and the Navy Nurse Corps. When men left, women “became proficient cooks and housekeepers, managed the finances, learned to fix the car, worked in a defense plant, and wrote letters to their soldier husbands that were consistently upbeat.” (Stephen Ambrose, D-Day, 488) Rosie the Riveter helped assure that the Allies would have the war materials they needed to defeat the Axis. In New Orleans, as the demand for public transportation grew, women even became streetcar “conductorettes” for the first time.
As the men fought abroad, women on the Home Front worked in defense plants and volunteered for war-related organizations, in addition to managing their households. When the war began, quickie marriages became the norm, as teenagers married their sweethearts before their men went overseas. The role of German women, he said, was to be good wives and mothers and to have more babies for the Third Reich. Hitler derided Americans as degenerate for putting their women to work. The Axis powers, on the other hand, were slow to employ women in their war industries. That commitment included utilizing all of America’s assets-women included. Reluctant to enter the war when it erupted in 1939, the United States quickly committed itself to total war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Not only did they give their sons, husbands, fathers, and brothers to the war effort, they gave their time, energy, and some even gave their lives.
American Women in World War II: On the Home Front and BeyondĪmerican women played important roles during World War II, both at home and in uniform.
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